Shanghai Metro | |||
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Info | |||
Owner | Shanghai Shentong Metro Group | ||
Locale | Shanghai, China | ||
Transit type | Rapid transit | ||
Number of lines | 11 (excluding Maglev) | ||
Number of stations | 277 [note 1] | ||
Daily ridership | 5.568 million (Jan-June 2011)[2] | ||
Annual ridership | 1.884 billion (2010)[3] | ||
Website | www.shmetro.com | ||
Operation | |||
Began operation | 1995 | ||
Operator(s) | Shanghai No.1-No.4 Metro Operation Company (4 Companies share similar names) | ||
Technical | |||
Track gauge | 1,435 mm (4 ft 8 1⁄2 in) (standard gauge) | ||
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Shanghai Metro | |||||||||||||||||||||
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Simplified Chinese | 上海轨道交通 | ||||||||||||||||||||
Traditional Chinese | 上海軌道交通 | ||||||||||||||||||||
Literal meaning | Shanghai Rail Transit | ||||||||||||||||||||
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Commonly abbreviated as | |||||||||||||||||||||
Simplified Chinese | 上海地铁 | ||||||||||||||||||||
Traditional Chinese | 上海地鐵 | ||||||||||||||||||||
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The Shanghai Metro is the urban rapid transit system of China's largest city, Shanghai. The system incorporates both subway (地铁) and light rail (轻轨) lines. It opened in 1995, making Shanghai the third city in Mainland China, after Beijing and Tianjin, to have a rapid transit system. Since then, the Shanghai Metro has become one of the fastest-growing rapid transit systems in the world.
As of 2011, there are eleven metro lines (excluding the Shanghai Maglev Train), 277 stations[note 1] and over 434 kilometres (270 mi) of tracks in operation,[4] the longest network in the world.[5] The Shanghai Metro delivered 1.884 billion rides in 2010,[3] the fourth busiest in the world. It set a daily ridership record of 7.548 million on October 22, 2010.[6] The system continues to grow, with new lines and extensions of old lines currently under construction.
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Extension |
in km |
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Line 1 | Fujin Road | Xinzhuang | 1995 | 2007 | 36.4 | 28 |
Line 2 [note 3] | East Xujing | Pudong International Airport | 1999 | 2010 | 63.8 | 30 |
Line 3 | North Jiangyang Road | Shanghai South Railway Station | 2000 | 2006 | 40.3 | 29 |
Line 4 | Loop line through Yishan Road & Yangshupu Road | 2005 | 2007 | 33.7 | 26 | |
Line 5 | Xinzhuang | Minhang Development Zone | 2003 | — | 17.2 | 11 |
Line 6 | Gangcheng Road | Oriental Sports Center | 2007 | 2011 | 32.3 | 28 |
Line 7 | Meilan Lake | Huamu Road | 2009 | 2010 | 44.2 | 32 |
Line 8 | Shiguang Road | Aerospace Museum | 2007 | 2011 | 37.4 | 29 |
Line 9 | Songjiang Xincheng | Middle Yanggao Road | 2007 | 2010 | 45.2 | 23 |
Line 10 | Xinjiangwancheng | Hongqiao Railway Station / Hangzhong Road | 2010 | 2010 | 35.4 | 31 |
Line 11 | North Jiading / Anting | Jiangsu Road | 2009 | 2011 | 45.8 | 20 |
Maglev | Longyang Road | Pudong International Airport | 2002 | — | 33.0 | 2 |
There are two types of interchange stations: physical interchange and virtual interchange stations. In a physical interchange station, passengers can transfer between subway lines without exiting a fare zone. In a virtual interchange station, however, passengers have to exit and re-enter fare zones as they transfer from one subway line to another. In order to receive a discounted fare, passengers must use a Shanghai Public Transportation Card (SPTC) instead of Single-Ride tickets.
Below is a list of physical interchange stations. Italic font denotes that a station is also a virtual interchange station on that particular line.
Station | Lines |
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Xinzhuang | 1 , 5 |
Shanghai South Railway Station | 1 , 3 |
Shanghai Indoor Stadium | 1 , 4 |
People's Square | 1 , 2 , 8 |
Xujiahui | 1 , 9 |
Shanghai Railway Station | 3 , 4 , 1 |
Jing'an Temple | 2 , 7 |
Hongqiao Railway Station | 2 , 10 |
Hongqiao Airport Terminal 2 | 2 , 10 |
Zhongshan Park | 2 , 3 , 4 |
Century Avenue | 2 , 4 , 6 , 9 |
Lancun Road | 4 , 6 |
South Xizang Road | 4 , 8 |
Yishan Road | 3 , 4 , 9 |
Changshu Road | 1 , 7 |
Zhenping Road | 3 , 4 , 7 |
Dong'an Road | 4 , 7 |
Yaohua Road | 7 , 8 |
West Gaoke Road | 6 , 7 |
Longyang Road | 2 , 7 |
Zhaojiabang Road | 7 , 9 |
Lujiabang Road | 8 , 9 |
Caoyang Road | 3 , 4 , 11 |
Jiangsu Road | 2 , 11 |
Siping Road | 8 , 10 |
Hailun Road | 4 , 10 |
East Nanjing Road | 2 , 10 |
Laoximen | 8 , 10 |
Hongqiao Road | 3 , 4 , 10 |
Oriental Sports Center | 6 , 8 |
A virtual interchange station (a.k.a. out-of-system transfer station) is a station where two lines meet, but unlike a physical interchange, there is no direct pathway between them within the fare control. Passengers thus have to exit the fare control (that serves one line) and re-enter it (that serves another line) if they want to transfer to another line.
On June 1, 2008, Shanghai Metro introduced a new interchange ticketing system: virtual interchanges. Passengers using a Shanghai Public Transportation Card at three virtual interchange stations will be regarded as one journey and the distance will be accumulated for fare calculation . Before, passengers had to purchase new tickets in order to use another metro line if no physical interchange was available. In contrast, passengers usually use one single-ride ticket to interchange between different metro lines where physical interchange stations are available and receive fares based on accumulated distance. Under this new scheme, passengers using a Shanghai Public Transportation Card will pay the same fare to transfer at a virtual interchange station as they would at a physical interchange based on accumulated distance. However, a passenger must exit a station and re-enter another within 30 minutes using the same Shanghai Public Transportation Card, otherwise no special transfer fares will be applied.
This system is currently temporary, and after the interchange connections that link platforms of two lines are completed, the stations will become physical interchange stations.
The busiest station in Shanghai Metro system is People's Square station (Lines 1, 2 and 8). As the interchange station for three lines, it is extremely crowded during peak hours. It remains busy during the rest of the day as it is located near major shopping and tourist destinations such as Nanjing Road (E.) Pedestrian Street as well as the Shanghai Museum, People's Park, the Shanghai Grand Theatre and Yan'an Park on People's Square. It has the second most number of exits (totalling 17) in the stations of the metro system.
Xujiahui (Lines 1 and 9) is located in the major Xujiahui commercial center of Shanghai. Six large shopping malls and eight large office towers are each within a three-minute walk of one of the station's exits, numbering a total of 18 since the addition of the four in the Line 9 part of the station that opened in December 2009. This is the largest number of exits of all the stations on the system. This station is also widely used as a pedestrian tunnel across the wide roads.
Lujiazui (Line 2) is the major station in Pudong area. It is situated in the heart of Lujiazui financial district, the financial center of Shanghai. The city's iconic landmarks, the Oriental Pearl TV Tower, Jin Mao Tower and Shanghai World Financial Centre are all within walking distance of the station. In contrast to Xujiahui and People's Square, Lujiazui is not particularly busy during off-peak hours or at weekends as it is located in financial district of Shanghai.
Shanghai Railway Station (Lines 1, 3 and 4) is a major transportation hub in Shanghai, containing the railway station, two subway lines and the stop for many city bus lines as well as interprovincial buses. These bus lines will soon be housed in a brand-new bus station. The line 1 platform is in the South square while platforms for line 3/4 are in the North square. These two platforms are technically separate stations, so interchange is only possible between lines 3/4. A transfer to the line 1 platform requires a SPTC or a new ticket.
Zhongshan Park Station (Lines 2, 3 and 4) is a heavily trafficked station due to the large shopping malls and hotel immediately above it.
Century Avenue Station (Lines 2, 4, 6 and 9) is the largest interchange station in the Shanghai Metro system.
Pudong International Airport (Line 2) – the eastern terminus of Line 2. It serves the airport of the same name in Shanghai. The station also provides a transfer with the Shanghai Maglev Train to Longyang Road.
Shibo Avenue (Line 13) – the station that served the main entrance of the Shanghai Expo. It is currently not in use and will be reopened with the rest of Line 13.
Like many other metro systems in the world, Shanghai Metro uses a distance-based fare system. As of September 15, 2005, after Shanghai Municipal Government raised the price, fares range from 3 yuan for journeys under 6 km, to 10 yuan for journeys over 66 km.
As of December 25, 2005, Shanghai uses a "one-ticket network", which means that interchanging is possible between all interchange stations without the purchase of another ticket where available. In the event of riding beyond the value of one's ticket, the user may pay the difference at a Service Center near the main turnstiles.
Since June 1, 2008, users of the Shanghai Public Transportation Card can interchange at Shanghai Railway Station, and Hongkou Stadium without paying another base fare. (see section on virtual interchange stations above).
Single-ride tickets can be purchased from ticket vending machines or at a ticket window. Some new stations only have ticket vending machines available. Single-ride tickets are embedded with RFID contactless chips. When entering the system you tap the ticket against a scanner above the turnstile, and on exit you insert the ticket into a slot where it is stored and recycled. Single-ride tickets is the only ticket form used in Shanghai Metro, no Round Trips or Excursion Passes are currently available.
In addition to a Single-Ride ticket, fare can be paid using a Shanghai Public Transportation Card. This RFID-embedded card can be purchased at selected banks, convenience stores and metro stations with a 20-yuan deposit. This card can be loaded at ticket booths, Service Centers at the metro stations as well as many small convenience stores and banks throughout the city. The Shanghai Public Transportation Card can also be used to pay for other forms of transportation, such as taxi or bus.
This transit card is similar to the Chicago card of the CTA and the Octopus card of Hong Kong's MTR.
A one-day pass was introduced for the Expo 2010 held in Shanghai. The fare for the calendar day was set at 18 yuan, for unlimited travel within the metro system. This is not available through vending machines, but has to be purchased at Service Centers at metro stations.[8]
Nearly every Shanghai subway station houses retailing of some kind. Many are small kiosks selling a variety of telephony products such as telephone calling cards, mobile phone SIM cards, or new cellphones. Newsstands are also available in many stations. Snack shops and convenience stores have become popular, along with bookstores. ATMs can be found in most downtown stations and even some suburban ones. Almost all stations have stands to distribute free newspaper in every weekdays' morning, starting from 7:30.
Standard gauge is used throughout the network, allowing new train equipment to be transported over the Chinese rail network which uses the same gauge.
Many stations in the stations of Lines 4, 6, 7, 8, 9 and 10 have Platform Screen Doors with sliding acrylic glass at the platform edge. The train stops with its doors lined-up with the sliding doors on the platform edge and open when the train doors open, and are closed at other times. These screens are also being retrofitted on existing lines, starting with Line 1 whose core stations had doors by the end of 2006. On the People's Square Station of Line 2, the platform has sliding safety doors that reach only halfway up from the ground called Automatic platform gates.
Accessibility facilities for the disabled are available only at a few stations.
Cars used by the Metro system:
Most lines currently use 6 car sets, exceptions include:
For five-digit car-numbers, the first two digits represent the year of manufacture. For six-digit car numbers the first two digit represent the line on which it is assigned to operate.
In contrast to many other metro systems in the world, the Shanghai metro uses overhead wires for the power supply, probably due to its use of a 1500 volt DC system which is twice the voltage generally used for third rails.
On Line 2, Siemens Transportation Systems equipped the line with an overhead contact line (cantilever material: galvanized steel) and 7 DC traction power supply substations.[9]
Plasma screens on the platforms show passengers when the next two trains are coming (usually one every five minutes or less except on lines 6, 8, and 9 where intervals may be nearly 10 minutes even during peak times), along with advertisements and public service announcements. The subway cars contain LCD screens showing advertisements and on some lines, the next stop, while above-ground trains have LED screens showing the next stop. The LED screens are being phased in on Line 1 and are also included in lines 7 and 9, two underground lines. There are recorded messages stating the next stop in Mandarin and English, but the messages stating nearby attractions or shops for a given station (a form of paid advertising) are in Mandarin only. The paid advertising is being phased out.
Station signs are in Chinese and English, but the English letters are much smaller than the Chinese characters. Due to problems identifying stations for foreigners, the Metro's authority plans to put in wide use a numbering system that is now being tested on Line 10.[10]
Four companies operate the Shanghai Metro network. Each of them are subdivisions of Shanghai Shentong Metro Group Co.,Ltd.
The Shanghai Metro system is one of the fastest growing metro systems in the world. Many lines are under construction or planned to be constructed in the near future. After the completion of these lines, a uniform numbering system will be put in place. According to the latest report, by the end of 2020 the network will comprise 22 lines spanning 877 kilometres (545 mi).[11]
Recently, the planned lines 20 and 21 have been renumbered as 17 and 16 respectively,[12] while the numbering for the original lines 16 and 17 have not been confirmed, thus causing a series of confusion among citizens. In this table, the numbering of the original lines 16/21 and 17/20 are swapped for ease of reference.
(This table is ordered by Planned Open Time) |
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Planned Open Date | Route | Name | Terminals | Length (km) | Stations | Status | Notes | |
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By the end of 2011 | ■Line 7 | Unopened station | Qihua Road | 1 | Under Construction | |||
■Line 8 | Unopened station | Zhoujiadu | 1 | Construction completed | [13] | |||
By the end of 2012 | ■Line 8 | 3rd Phase | Aerospace Museum Station | Huizhen Road | 6.2 | 5 | Post-planning | [14] |
■Line 9 | 3rd Phase (South) | Songjiang Xincheng | Songjiang South Railway Station | 6.5 | 3 | Under construction | [15] | |
■Line 11 | 2nd Phase | Jiangsu Road | Luoshan Road | 21 | 13 | Under Construction | ||
Branch Line West Extension | Anting | Huaqiao, Jiangsu Province | 6 | 3 | Under Construction | [16] | ||
■Line 12 | 1st Phase Eastern Section | Jinhai Road | Dalian Road | 13.1 | 12 | Under Construction | [17] | |
■Line 13 | 1st Phase Western Section | Huajiang Road | Jinshajiang Road | 8.3 | 7 | Under Construction | [18] | |
■Line 16 | Longyang Road | Lingang New City | 59 | 13 | Under Construction | [19] | ||
■Line 22 | Jinshan Branch Line | Shanghai South Railway Station | Jinshan New Town | 56 | 9 | Under Construction | [20] | |
By the end of 2014 | ■Line 5 | South Extension | Dongchuan Road | Xidu | Under Construction | |||
■Line 12 | 1st Phase Western Section | Dalian Road | Qixin Road | 27.4 | 19 | Under Construction | ||
■Line 13 | 1st Phase Eastern Section Expo Section |
Jinshajiang Road | Changqing Road | 16.2 | 12 | Under Construction | ||
By the end of 2015 | ■Line 11 | 3rd Phase | Luoshan Road | Huanglou (Disneyland) | 9.4 | 3 | Planning | |
By the end of 2020[note 4][21] | ■Line 2 | 4th Phase of East Extension | Pudong International Airport | Pudong Railway Station | 2 | Planning | ||
■Line 5 | 1st Phase of South Extension | Dongchuan Road | Nanqiao New City | 20.7 | 8 | Bridge Under Construction | ||
■Line 9 | 3rd Phase (East) | Middle Yanggao Road | Caolu | 14.5 | 8 | Planning | ||
■Line 10 | 2nd Phase | Xinjiangwancheng | Huandong No.1 Avenue | 9.4 | 5 | Planning | ||
■Line 13 | 2nd Phase | Changqing Road | Zhangjiang Road | 22.5 | 11 | Planning | ||
■Line 14 | Duplicate Part with Shanghai East-West Expressway | 7.8 | 6 | Under Construction | ||||
Jiangqiao | Jinqiao | 36.4 | 29 | Planning | ||||
■Line 15 | Qihua Road | Zizhu Science-Based Industry Park | 40.1 | 28 | Planning | |||
■Line 17 | Hongqiao Railway Station | Shanghai Oriental Land | 35.2 | 11 | Planning | [12] | ||
■Line 18 | Changbei Road | Hangtou Town | 44.3 | 30 | Planning | |||
■Line 19 | 1st Phase | Jinhai Road | Changxing Island | 20.6 | 6 | Planning | ||
■Line 20 | 1st Phase | Hongqiao Railway Station | Baoshan Industry Park | 17.2 | 13 | Planning | ||
■Line 21 | 1st Phase | Hongkou Football Stadium | Shanghai Zoo | 19 | 17 | Planning | ||
Timetable not given | ■Line 1 | Last Phase of North Extension | Fujin Road | Chongming Island | Long Term Plan | |||
■Line 5 | 2nd Phase of South Extension | Nanqiao New City | Haiwan | Long Term Plan | [22] | |||
■Line 19 | 2nd Phase | Changxing Island | Chongming Island | Long Term Plan | [23] | |||
Changxing Island | Hengsha Island | |||||||
■Line 20 | 2nd Phase | Baoshan Industry Park | Gongqing Forest Park | Long Term Plan | ||||
■Line 21 | 2nd Phase | Shanghai Zoo | Wujing | Long Term Plan | ||||
■Shanghai Maglev | Airport Communication Line | Longyang Road | Hongqiao Railway Station | Long Term Plan | ||||
Hongqiao Railway Station | Hangzhou East Railway Station | |||||||
Pudong International Airport | [24] |
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